types of sadism
Sadism, defined as deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others, manifests in various forms. While often associated with extreme or sexual contexts, sadistic tendencies can appear in subtler ways. Below are the primary types of sadism recognized in psychological and behavioral studies.
Sexual Sadism
Schadenfreude vs Sadism: Understanding the Key Differences in Dark Psychology ExplainedSexual sadism is the most widely recognized type, often linked to paraphilic disorders. Individuals with this inclination experience arousal or gratification from causing physical or emotional pain to others during sexual acts. This may involve consensual BDSM practices or non-consensual behavior, the latter of which can escalate to criminal acts. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) categorizes it as a mental health condition when it causes distress or harm.
Everyday Sadism
Unlike sexual sadism, everyday sadism revolves around non-sexual, often mundane acts of cruelty. People with these traits might enjoy:
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- Cyberbullying or trolling online.
- Emotional manipulation in personal relationships.
- Witnessing violence in media or real life.
This type is characterized by a persistent pattern of deriving satisfaction from minor yet intentional harm, even in socially accepted contexts.
Sadistic Personality Disorder (Historical Context)
Though removed from the DSM after its 1987 edition, Sadistic Personality Disorder (SPD) described individuals who exhibited chronic aggressive and cruel behavior. Traits included:
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- Humiliating others to assert dominance.
- Physical or psychological intimidation.
- Lack of remorse for harmful actions.
While no longer a formal diagnosis, SPD remains a reference for understanding extreme, pervasive sadistic behavior.
Verbal or Emotional Sadism
This type focuses on inflicting psychological pain rather than physical harm. Verbal sadists may use insults, gaslighting, or public shaming to assert control or derive pleasure. Examples include demeaning comments disguised as humor or prolonged silent treatment. Such behavior often stems from a desire for power rather than overt aggression.